参考文献
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18、Note that rapidly switching the polarizers also closes the “freedom of choice” loophole—the possibility that the choice of the polarizer settings and the properties of the photons are not independent—provided that the properties of each photon pair are determined at its emission, or just before.
19、A. Aspect, “Bell's Inequality Test: More Ideal Than Ever,” Nature 398, 189 (1999), this paper reviews Bell's inequalities tests until 1998, including long distance tests permitted by the development of much improved sources of entangled photons..
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21、Prior to the availability of high-quantum efficiency detection, the violation of Bell's inequality was significant only with the “fair sampling assumption,” which says the detectors select a non-biased sample of photons, representative of the whole ensemble of pairs. In 1982, with colleagues, we found a spectacular violation of Bell’s inequalities (by more than 40 standard deviations) in an experiment in which we could check that the size of the selected sample was constant. Although this observation was consistent with the fair sampling hypothesis, it was not sufficient to fully close the detection loophole. See A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, “Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell's Inequalities,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 91 (1982).
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29、H. J. Kimble, “The Quantum Internet,” Nature 453, 1023 (2008).
30、Should experimentalists decide they want to close this far-fetched loophole, they could base the polarizers’ orientations on cosmologic radiation received from opposite parts of the Universe. J. Gallicchio, A. S. Friedman, and D. I. Kaiser, “Testing Bell’s Inequality with Cosmic Photons: Closing the Setting-Independence Loophole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 110405 (2014).
31、J. S. Bell, “Free Variables and Local Causality,” Epistemological Letters, February 1977, (1977), reproduced in Ref. [10].