41. Following
When the great man learns the Way, he follows it with diligence;
When the common man learns the Way, he follows it on occasion;
When the mean man learns the Way, he laughs out loud;
Those who do not laugh, do not learn at all.
Therefore it is said:
Who understands the Way seems foolish;
Who progresses on the Way seems to fail;
Who follows the Way seems to wander.
For the finest harmony appears plain;
The brightest truth appears coloured;
The richest character appears incomplete;
The bravest heart appears meek;
The simplest nature appears inconstant.
The square, perfected, has no corner;
Music, perfected, has no melody;
Love, perfected, has no climax;
Art, perfected, has no meaning.
The Way can be neither sensed nor known:
It transmits sensation and transcends knowledge.
【原文】
上士闻道，勤而行之；
中士闻道，若存若亡；
下士闻道，大笑之──不笑，不足以为道。
故建言有之：明道若昧，进道若退，夷道若颣 ，上德若谷，大白若辱，广德若不足，建德若偷，质直若渝，大方无隅，大器晚成，大音希声，大象无形──道隐无名。
夫唯道，善贷且成。
42. Mind
The Way bears sensation,
Sensation bears memory,
Sensation and memory bear abstraction,
And abstraction bears all the world;
Each thing in the world bears feeling and doing,
And, imbued with mind, harmony with the Way.
As others have taught, so do I teach,
"Who loses harmony opposes nature";
This is the root of my teaching.
【原文】
道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。
万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和。
人之所恶，唯孤、寡、不谷，而王公以为称。
故物或损之而益，或益之而损。
人之所教，我亦教之：
强梁者不得其死，吾将以为教父。
43. Overcoming
Water overcomes the stone;
Without substance it requires no opening;
This is the benefit of taking no action.
Yet benefit without action,
And experience without abstraction,
Are practiced by very few.
【原文】
天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚。
无有入于无间。
吾是以知无为之有益。
不言之教，无为之益，天下希及之。
44. Contentment
Health or reputation: which is held dearer?
Health or possessions: which has more worth?
Profit or loss: which is more troublesome?
Great love incurs great expense,
And great riches incur great fear,
But contentment comes at no cost;
Who knows when to stop
Does not continue into danger,
And so may long endure.
【原文】
名与身孰亲？
身与货孰多？
得与亡孰病？
甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡。
故知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久。
45. Quiet
Great perfection seems incomplete,
But does not decay;
Great abundance seems empty,
But does not fail.
Great truth seems contradictory;
Great cleverness seems stupid;
Great eloquence seems awkward.
As spring overcomes the cold,
And autumn overcomes the heat,
So calm and quiet overcome the world.
【原文】
大成若缺，其用不弊。
大盈若冲，其用不穷。
大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。
躁胜寒，静胜热，清静为天下正。
46. Horses
When a nation follows the Way,
Horses bear manure through its fields;
When a nation ignores the Way,
Horses bear soldiers through its streets.
There is no greater mistake than following desire;
There is no greater disaster than forgetting contentment;
There is no greater sickness than seeking attainment;
But one who is content to satisfy his needs
Finds that contentment endures.
【原文】
天下有道，卻走馬以糞；
天下無道，戎馬生於郊。
禍莫大於不知足，咎莫大於欲得。
故知足之足，常足矣。
47. Knowing
Without taking a step outdoors
You know the whole world;
Without taking a peep out the window
You know the colour of the sky.
The more you experience,
The less you know.
The sage wanders without knowing,
Sees without looking,
Accomplishes without acting.
【原文】
不出戶，知天下；
不窺牖，見天道。
其出彌遠，其知彌少。
是以聖人不行而知，不見而明，不為而成。
47. Knowing
Without taking a step outdoors
You know the whole world;
Without taking a peep out the window
You know the colour of the sky.
The more you experience,
The less you know.
The sage wanders without knowing,
Sees without looking,
Accomplishes without acting.
【原文】
不出戶，知天下；
不窺牖，見天道。
其出彌遠，其知彌少。
是以聖人不行而知，不見而明，不為而成。
48. Inaction
The follower of knowledge learns as much as he can every day;
The follower of the Way forgets as much as he can every day.
By attrition he reaches a state of inaction
Wherein he does nothing, but nothing remains undone.
To conquer the world, accomplish nothing;
If you must accomplish something,
The world remains beyond conquest.
【原文】
為學日益，為道日損。
損之又損，以至於無為。
無為而無不為矣！
取天下常以無事。
及其有事，不足以取天下。
49. People
The sage does not distinguish between himself and the world;
The needs of other people are as his own.
He is good to those who are good;
He is also good to those who are not good,
Thereby he is good.
He trusts those who are trustworthy;
He also trusts those who are not trustworthy,
Thereby he is trustworthy.
The sage lives in harmony with the world,
And his mind is the world's mind.
So he nurtures the worlds of others
As a mother does her children.
【原文】
聖人無常心，以百姓之心為心。
善者，吾善之；不善者，吾亦善之──德善。
信者，吾信之；不信者，吾亦信之──德信。
聖人在天下，歙歙焉為天下渾其心。
百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之。